Intrapartum care study notes Essay

Pathophysiology,etiology and directand validatorycauses in yourown spoken languagePathophysiologyBoth mother and baby begin to prepare for birth in the nal weeks of pregnancy. The mother is instructed to call the health care provider and come into the nativity unit if any of the following occur. Rupture of membranes, regular, frequent uterine contractions (nulliparas, 5 minutes a function for one hour multiparas, 6-8 minutes apart for 1 hour), any vaginal bleeding or decreased fetal movement. Family let-to doe with care is a model of care based on the school of thought that physical, sociocultural, spiritual, and economic needs of the family are combined and considered collectively when planning for the vaginal birth family. Five factors are important in the process of diligence and birth. 1)Birth qualifying is the size of the motherlikeistic pelvis or diameters of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and outlet. The type of maternal(p) pelvis, and the ability of the cervix to d ilate and efface and ability of the vaginal communication channel and the external possibleness of the vagina to distend. 2) The foetus-fetal head, fetal attitude, fetal lie, and fetal presentation. 3) Relationship surrounded by passage and fetusengagement of the fetal presenting part, station or location of fetal presenting part in the maternal pelvis in relation to the spine, and fetal position. 4) physiologic forces of travail -frequency, duration, and intensity of uterine contractions as the fetus moves by dint of the passage, and strong suit of the maternal pushing effort.5)Psychosocial considerations-mental and physical preparation for childbirth, socio-cultural values and beliefs, previous childbirth experience, support from signicant other, and emotional status. Labor usually begins between 30 and 42 weeks of gestation. Pro just her own relaxes the smooth muscletissue, oestrogen stimulates uterine muscle contractions, and connective tissue loosens to permit the softeni ng, thinning, and eventual opening of the cervix. In neat boil, with each contraction the muscles of the amphetamine uterine separate shortening and exert a Longitudinal traction on the cervix, causation effacement in which is the drawing up of the internal OS and the cervical canal into the uterine sidewalls. The contractions of true effort liftd progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix. They only occur regularly and increase in frequency, duration, and intensity. The discomfort of true labor contractions usually starts in the back and radiates around to the abdomen. The pain is non relieved by ambulation. The contractions of false labor do not produce progressive cervical effacement and dilation. They are you regular and do not increasing frequency, duration, and intensity. The discomfort may be relieved by ambulation, changing positions, drinking a commodious meat of water, or taking a warm shower.Exemplar represent poll SP12Exemplar Face planing machinePat hophysiology,etiology and directand indirectcauses in yourown wordsThe rst do begins with the onset of true labor and ends when the cervix is completely dilated at 10 cm. The second introduce begins with complete dilation and ends with the birth of the newborn. The third correspond begins with the birth of the newborn and ends with the delivery of the placenta. Some clinicians identify a fourth stage. This stage lasts 1 to 4 hours after delivery of the placenta, the uterus efficaciously contracts to control bleeding at the placental site. paternal systemic solvent to labor. The mothers cardiovascular system is stressed both by the uterine contractions and by the pain, anxiety, and apprehension she experiences. During pregnancy the circulating blood volume increases by 50%. The increasing cardiac end productpeaks between the second and third trimester. Maternal position in any case affects cardiac output. In the supine position, cardiac output lowers heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases. When turned to a lateral pass side laying position cardiac output increases. As a go forth blood-pressure rises during uterinecontractions. Oxygen demand and consumption increase at the onset of the labor because of the presence of uterine contractions. By the end of the rst stage of labor most women develop a mild metabolic acidosis compens sufficient by respiratory alkalosis. The changes in acid-base status that occur in labor quickly reversed in the fourth stage because of changes in the charrs respiratory rate.During labor there is an increase in maternal renin level, plasma renin activity, and angiotensinogen level. These help control uteroplacental bloodow during birth and the early postpartum period. Gastric mobility and absorption of solid food are reduced. Some narcotics also delayed gastric emptying. White blood cell look at increases to 25,000 to 30,000 cells during labor and the early postpartum Period. The change in wbcs is generally becau se of the increased neutrophils resulting from a physiologic response to stress. The increased WBC count makes it difcult to identify the presence of an infection. Maternal blood glucose levels decrease during labor because glucoses uses an energy source. foetalresponse to labor. The mechanical and hemodynamic changes of normal labor have no adverse effect when the fetus is healthy. Heart rate backwardness can occur with intracranial pressure as the head pushes against the cervix. kinow is decreased to the fetus at the peak of each contraction, leading to a slow decrease in pH status. The adequate exchange of nutrients and gases in the fetal capillaries depends in part on the fetal blood pressure. Fetal blood pressure is a protective mechanism for the normal fetus in the anoxic periods caused by the contracting uterus during labor. The fetus is able to experience sensations of light, sound, and touch beginning at approximately 37 or 38 weeks of gestation.Exemplar Face Sheet SP12E xemplar Face SheetPathophysiology,etiology anddirect and indirectcauses in yourown wordssometimes procedures are necessary to maintain the safety of the woman and the fetus. The most customary of theseprocedures are labor induction, episiotomy, cesarean birth, and vaginal birth following a previous cesarean birth. Labor induction is the stimulation of the uterine contractions ahead thespontaneous onset of labor, with or without sunderd fetalmembranes, for the purpose of accomplishing birth.RiskFactors early(a) alterations may occur during the intrapartumperiod. These include precipitous birth (rapid progression of labor, with giving birth occuring within 3 hours or less), abruption placentae (premature time interval of a unremarkably implantedplacenta from the uterine wall. Considered to be a catastrophic event because of the malignity of the resulting hemorrhage),placenta previa (implantation of the placenta day in the lower uterine segment rather than the upper portion, re sulting inplacental separation with dilation of the cervix), premature rupture of membranes (spontaneous rupture of the membranesbefore the onset of labor), preterm (Labor that occurs between 20 and 36 completed weeks of pregnancy) and postterm labor (A pregnancy that exceeds 42 weeks since the last menstrualperiod), hypertonic labor (ineffective uterine contractions of poor quality occurring in the latent phase of labor with increased resting tone of the myometrium and frequent contractions),hypotonic labor (usually developing in the spry phase of labor, characterized by 4000g at birth, often associated with excessive maternal weight, maternal obesity, maternal diabetes, orprolonged gestation), nonreassuring fetal status (when theoxygen come out is insufcient to meet the physiologic needs of the fetus),prolapsed umbilical heap (The umbilical cord precedes the fetal presenting part, placing pressure on the cord and reducing or fish filet bloodow to and from the fetus), amniotic uid embolism (The presence of a small schism in the amnion or chorion high in the uterus, an area of separation in the placenta, or cervical tear where a small amount of amniotic uid may leak into the chorionic plate and enter the maternal system as an amniotic uid embolism), cephalopelvic disproportion (occurs when the fetal head is too large to pass through any part of the birth passage, which can result in prolonged labor, uterinerupture, necrosis of maternal soft tissue, cord prolapse,excessive molding of the fetal head, or damage to the fetal skull and important nervous system), retained placenta (retention of the placenta beyond 30 minutes after birth, resulting in bleeding that may lead to shock), lacerations (tearing of the cervix or vagina. The highest risk is in young or nullipara woman, forceps assisted birth, or administration of an epidural),Exemplar Face Sheet SP12Exemplar Face SheetPathophysiology,etiology anddirect andindirect causesin your ownwordsplacenta accret a (The chorionic villa attached directly to the myometrium of the uterus.. The adherence itself maybe total, partial, or focal, depending on the amount of placentalinvolved), and perinatal expiry (death of a fetus or infant from the time of conception through the end of the newborn period 28 days after delivery). coordinatedConcepts (3 ormore)Comfort, Mobility, Family, and SexualityPrioritized1. Risk for injury related to hyperstimulation of uterus caused nurseby induction of labor.Diagnoses (4 ormore in two or2. Anxiety related to discomfort of labor and unknown labor iii partoutcomes as certainty by verbal communication.statements)3. Acute discommode related to uterine contractions as evidence by verbal complaints of pain.4. exercise set for enhanced cognition related to the birthprocess as evidence by verbalizing concerns to nurse.Resource Links Grassley, J. S., & Sauls, D. J. (2012). Evaluation of the (2 or more)Supportive inescapably of Adolescents during ChildbirthIntr apartum Nursing Intervention on Adolescents ChildbirthSatisfaction and Breastfeeding Rates. JOGNN ledger OfObstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 41(1), 33-44. doi 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01310.xMathew, D., Dougall, A., Konfortion, J., & Johnson, S. (2011). The Intrapartum Scorecard Enhancing safety on the prodward. British Journal Of Midwifery, 19(9), 578-586.